Best Execution Policy

Effective Date: September 9, 2026

1. Introduction

Newton Crypto Ltd. (“Newton”), as a Dealer Member of the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (“CIRO”), is required under CIRO Dealer Member Rules to establish, maintain, and ensure compliance with written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to achieve best execution when acting for a client. This Best Execution Policy has been prepared in accordance with CIRO Dealer Member Rule 3129.

“Best execution” means obtaining for our clients the most advantageous execution terms reasonably available under the circumstances, taking into account prevailing market conditions. This policy explains how Newton seeks to achieve best execution for clients when facilitating trades in crypto assets, and is intended to provide a clear, concise, and client-focused summary of the protections and processes we have in place.

2. Liquidity and Execution Sources

Newton uses one or more liquidity providers (“LPs”) to complete client trades and may also use Newton’s proprietary crypto asset inventory as part of this process. Depending on the circumstances, Newton may use an external LP, proprietary inventory, or a combination of both to settle the exposure arising from a client trade.

Newton deploys a request for quote (“RFQ”) process to obtain pricing from each of the LPs supporting the applicable Crypto Asset. For each client trade order of a particular Crypto Asset, Newton submits a corresponding RFQ for the order to each of its LPs which support that Crypto Asset and routes the client order to the LP that provides best pricing at the time the RFQ is sent.

For certain eligible Crypto Assets, Newton may use its proprietary inventory to settle all or a portion of the exposure arising from a client trade, using the best available pricing obtained through the RFQ process. Where proprietary inventory is used, whether alone or together with external LP liquidity, Newton continues to reference available external market pricing and applies the same Best Execution principles described in this Policy.

Engaging a diverse group of LPs helps reduce reliance on any single counterparty and ensures consistent access to liquidity.

2.1 LP Selection and Due Diligence

Newton only engages LPs that support our commitment to best execution and fair outcomes for clients. In selecting LPs, we consider:

  • Depth and consistency of liquidity across supported crypto assets;
  • Responsiveness to quote requests and reliability of fills;
  • Operational resilience, including system uptime and latency;
  • Controls in place to mitigate risks of unfair pricing, fraud, or market manipulation.

2.2 Ongoing Monitoring of LPs

Newton performs ongoing monitoring and periodic reassessment of its LPs to ensure they continue to meet expectations for execution quality. This includes:

  • Comparing quotes and execution outcomes to benchmark prices;
  • Monitoring fill rates with each LP;
  • Identifying pricing anomalies and reviewing execution performance during periods of market stress;
  • Conducting monthly assessments of each LP’s overall performance.

If an LP is found to consistently underperform or fails to meet our standards, Newton may deprioritize or remove the LP from our network to protect client interests and preserve pricing competitiveness.

2.3 Neutrality in Order Routing

Newton executes eligible client trades with external LPs, and may offset all or a portion of a trade through its proprietary crypto asset inventory. 

We do not receive payments, rebates, or other incentives from LPs in exchange for directing order flow. Routing decisions are made in accordance with Newton’s Best Execution obligations and are based on the most advantageous execution terms reasonably available under circumstances, taking into account relevant factors including price, liquidity, speed of execution, certainty of execution, and overall cost of the transaction.

In the event that multiple LPs return identical best quotes, Newton uses a randomized selection process to determine which LP receives the order. This approach ensures fairness and maintains competitive pressure among LPs.

3. Best Execution Factors

The determination of whether best execution has been achieved is subject to reasonable efforts and should be interpreted in the context of the following broad factors:

  • price;
  • liquidity;
  • speed of execution;
  • certainty of execution; and
  • overall cost of the transaction.

For crypto asset trades on Newton’s platform, these broad factors are applied together with the OTC fair pricing considerations outlined in IDPC Rule 3122, including the asset’s fair market value, related transaction expenses, Newton’s profit entitlement, and the total dollar amount of the transaction. These considerations are applied when determining the price before execution and are reviewed after execution to help ensure fairness and competitiveness.

4. Order Handling and Execution Process

Newton facilitates crypto asset trades through a Request for Quote (RFQ) trading model. Under this model, Newton acts as principal on all trades, meaning we are your direct counterparty - not another Newton customer or a third party. When you buy or sell crypto on the Newton platform, you are transacting directly with Newton. Under this model:

  • When you request a trade, Newton sources live quotes from our network of LPs.
  • We determine the applicable execution price in accordance with our Best Execution processes and present you with the best available price from our LPs, including our spread (mark-up/mark-down).
  • You may accept or reject the quote; quotes expire if not accepted within the display window (approx. 8-10 seconds).
  • If you accept the quote, the trade is executed immediately with Newton, and we simultaneously offset the trade with the selected LP to maintain market neutrality.
  • Newton may settle the resulting exposure using an external LP, Newton’s proprietary crypto asset inventory, or a combination of both.
  • Where a combination is used, a portion of the resulting exposure may be settled using Newton’s proprietary inventory and the remaining portion with an external LP.
  • Regardless of how Newton settles the resulting exposure, you transact directly with Newton and your execution remains subject to the Best Execution standards described in this Policy

Order Types Supported:

  • RFQ Market Orders – You specify the trading pair and quantity; you receive a quote to approve before execution. Applies to swaps, buys, and sells.
  • Recurring Buy Orders – You specify the trading pair, quantity, and frequency; the order executes automatically at the best available LP quote (plus spread) at the scheduled time.
  • Limit Orders – You specify the trading pair, quantity, and frequency; the order executes automatically at the best available LP quote (plus spread) at the scheduled time.

5. Pricing and Spreads

Newton applies a defined spread range to compensate for operational costs and market risk. Spreads are applied transparently and are designed to be competitive in the Canadian crypto market. Newton applies tiered spreads based on the liquidity and volatility of the crypto asset being traded. Our spread tiers are published at newton.co/prices.

We continuously compare our all-in execution prices (LP quote + spread) to independent benchmark rates from reputable data providers to ensure prices remain competitive.

5.1 Spread Calculation

For all order types, Newton:

  1. Obtains live prices from LPs.
  2. Selects the best available price among its LPs.
  3. Applies the applicable spread from the asset’s tier.
  4. Presents the final price to you for approval (unless already agreed for scheduled/limit orders).

We continuously monitor executed prices against benchmark rates from reputable data providers to ensure they remain competitive. Benchmarks are reviewed regularly to ensure accuracy and relevance to market conditions. Newton also periodically reviews the pricing policy of each LP.

5.2 Volatility During Market Stress

Crypto asset pricing can be volatile and, when priced in Canadian dollars, can experience rapid price changes, and available liquidity can vary across markets and with Newton’s LPs. In extreme market conditions, LPs may widen their pricing to reflect risk or to allow for them to continue to support an asset during stressed market conditions. 

Newton remains committed to providing clients with access to crypto markets at all times, including these periods of significant volatility; however, as Newton is not an exchange, we are subject to the pricing provided by our LPs to complete trades on our platform. As part of our best execution controls, we continually monitor and compare the executed client trade prices on our platform against trusted global benchmark prices. 

To account for short-term market fluctuations during periods of market stress, Newton applies a volatility tolerance band above the normal spread range for each asset tier:

  • All Asset Tiers (1, 2, and 3): A volatility tolerance band up to an additional 0.15% above the upper bound of the target spread is applied.

During periods of significant market stress, where quoted benchmark prices move rapidly or LP spreads widen to a level that exceeds this volatility tolerance band, Newton may temporarily operate within widened deviation bands to maintain client access and fair execution.

If the all-in execution price on Newton’s platform for client executed trades is at risk of exceeding the maximum allowable range for the asset tier:

  • We will promptly and prominently notify you in-app (via notification or “warning state” trade screen) that prices may exceed normal ranges.
  • In order to transact during this period, you must acknowledge the above warning to proceed with trading.  Alternatively, you can wait for more stable market conditions.

5.3 Trades Outside the Maximum Allowable Range

If the all-in execution price exceeds the maximum allowable variance from the benchmark price for the asset’s tier, the trade is flagged for internal review.

In certain limited circumstances, where trades fall substantially outside the maximum allowable range and execute at a price far outside the quoted price, Newton may consider reimbursement to you in the amount equal to the difference between the spread we actually collected and the spread we would have collected had the trade executed at the maximum allowable all-in price under stressed market conditions; however, reimbursements are only issued if the portion of Newton’s spread collected on the excess above the allowable range is greater than $5 CAD for a given trade.

6. Client Protections

Newton’s monitoring systems are designed to protect clients from poor execution outcomes (i.e., disadvantaged pricing) by:

  • Comparing each trade’s execution price to global benchmark rates.
  • Ensuring no single LP is overused, preserving pricing competition.
  • Identifying and investigating any pricing anomalies.

These measures help protect you from paying materially more than the prevailing market rate and ensure that our execution process remains competitive. If we detect that your trade executed at a materially worse price than benchmarks without valid market justification, we will reimburse you according to our defined criteria.

These controls apply regardless of whether Newton settles the resulting exposure using an external LP, Newton’s proprietary inventory, or a combination of both.

7. Conflicts of Interest

Newton does not operate a marketplace or engage in market making. We act as principal in client trades and source liquidity from third-party providers, including our specified affiliate, DV Chain (Canada) Inc.

To manage potential conflicts of interest:

  • We use a smart order router to ensure clients receive the most competitive pricing available from our network of LPs.
  • We benchmark prices obtained from LPs against trusted global reference rates to help ensure fair pricing.
  • Where proprietary inventory is used, we benchmark the best available external pricing obtained through the RFQ process and benchmark the client’s all-in execution price against available external market pricing and apply the same Best Execution standards used for externally executed trades.
  • We take reasonable steps to verify that LPs are appropriately registered or licensed in their home jurisdiction (or not required to be), are not in default of securities legislation in Canada, and have controls to address fair pricing, fraud, and market manipulation.
  • Newton reviews each LP at least annually to help ensure continued compliance and competitive pricing.

Order Processing Principles:

  • Client orders are accurately captured and promptly processed.
  • Similar orders are executed in the order received, without preference based on order size or client identity.
  • Newton does not combine client orders in a way that would disadvantage any client.
  • Newton does not receive financial incentives from LPs or other third parties that could influence order handling.
  • The use of Newton’s proprietary inventory to settle a trade, whether to settle all or a portion of the exposure arising from a client trade, does not take precedence over Newton’s obligation to seek the most advantageous execution terms reasonably available to the client under the circumstances.

For additional details on how Newton addresses conflicts of interest, please refer to Newton’s Relationship Disclosure Information available at: https://www.newton.co/relationship-disclosure.

8. Help Desk

In the event that you require assistance, you can reach out to Newton’s support team via the in-app help chat function or on the Newton website, or by email at support@newton.co. Support is available weekdays and weekends from 8 AM - 12 AM EST.

8.1 Trade Instruction Handling During Platform Downtime

During normal operations, all client-initiated trading activity on Newton is conducted through the Newton app or website. However, in the event of a platform disruption that results in clients being unable to access their account or place an order due to platform disruption, Newton offers a contingency channel to ensure continuity of trading access during specific business hours.

If clients are unable to trade using the platform, they may place an order by speaking directly with a Newton Investment Representative, who are available during 9:30 AM to 4:00 PM ET on business days, excluding statutory holidays). Customers can contact a Newton Investment Representative at +1 (855) 639-8662.

To place a manual order, clients must:

  • Call Newton’s support line and pass identity verification.
  • Provide verified account details and clearly state the asset, direction (buy/sell), and quantity.

Only same-day market orders will be accepted; limit, conditional, or special-instruction orders are not permitted. Investment Representatives do not provide investment advice, and will not process any trade instruction submitted by email, chat, or support ticket.

All trades executed through this contingency process are subject to the same best execution standards described in this policy.

9. Policy Reviews

Newton conducts periodic reviews of this Best Execution Policy as market conditions dictate, but in any event, this policy will be reviewed at least annually. These reviews ensure that the policy remains effective, relevant, and compliant with CIRO requirements.

Should you have any questions regarding this Best Execution Policy or any policy it describes, please email our support team at support@newton.co.